STEPS -
1. do you think sentence has error or not
2. look at options , does your mind change
3. see solutions
1. Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounts to a sum lower than one percent of the $541
billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say fear of lawsuits plays a major role in
health-care inflation.
(A) amounts to a sum lower
(B) amounts to less
(C) amounted to less
(D) amounted to lower
(E) amounted to a lower sum
2. Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplin's ragtime opera
Treemonisha was not produced until 1972, sixty-one years after its completion.
(A) Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged
(B) Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it
(C) Besides a concert performance being staged by the composer himself
(D) Excepting a concert performance that the composer himself staged
(E) With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself
3. Students in the metropolitan school district lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to
absorb them into a city economy becoming ever more dependent on information-based industries.
(A) lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy
becoming
(B) lack math skills to a large enough degree that they will be difficult to absorb into a city's economy that
becomes
(C) lack of math skills is so large as to be difficult to absorb them into a city's economy that becomes
(D) are lacking so much in math skills as to be difficult to absorb into a city's economy becoming
(E) are so lacking in math skills that it will be difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming
4. The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian--vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal,
and meal cakes, and meat rarely.
(A) and meat rarely
(B) and meat was rare
(C) with meat as rare
(D) meat a rarity
(E) with meat as a rarity
5. An inventory equal to 90 days sales is as much as even the strongest businesses carry, and then only as a
way to anticipate higher prices or ensure against shortages.
(A) as much as even
(B) so much as even
(C) even so much as
(D) even as much that
(E) even so much that
6. The decision by one of the nation's largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans
could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increasing the pressure on
multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.
(A) increasing the pressure
(B) the increasing pressure
(C) increased pressure
(D) the pressure increased
(E) the pressure increasing
7. Downzoning, zoning that typically results in the reduction of housing density, allows for more open space in
areas where little water or services exist.
(A) little water or services exist
(B) little water or services exists
(C) few services and little water exists
(D) there is little water or services available
(E) there are few services and little available water
8. Reporting that one of its many problems had been the recent extended sales slump in women's apparel,
the seven-store retailer said it would start a three-month liquidation sale in all of its stores.
(A) its many problems had been the recent
(B) its many problems has been the recently
(C) its many problems is the recently
(D) their many problems is the recent
(E) their many problems had been the recent
9. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be
the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by
men.
(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring comparable skills
(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are
(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one demanding
comparable skills
(E) to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable skills
10. It has been estimated that the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax
revenues is at least $20 billion a year.
(A) the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20
billion a year
(B) the annual cost of illiteracy to the United States is at least $20 billion a year because of lost industrial
output and tax revenues
(C) illiteracy costs the United States at least $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues
(D) $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues is the annual cost to the United States of
illiteracy
(E) lost industrial output and tax revenues cost the United States at least $20 billion a year because of
illiteracy
11. Egyptians are credited as having pioneered embalming methods as long ago as 2650 B.C.
(A) as having
(B) with having
(C) to have
(D) as the ones who
(E) for being the ones who
12. Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars into research to develop cars more
gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road.
(A) into research to develop cars more gasoline-efficient even than presently on the road
(B) into research for developing even more gasoline-efficient cars on the road than at present
(C) for research for cars to be developed that are more gasoline-efficient even than presently the road
(D) in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road
(E) in research for developing cars that are even more gasoline-efficient than presently on the road
13. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches.
whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(E) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung
14. From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet
wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage
so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
(A) baggage so light
(B) baggage being so light
(C) baggage, yet being so light
(D) baggage, and so light
(E) baggage yet was so light
15. From the time of its defeat by the Germans in 1940 until its liberation in 1944, France was a bitter and
divided country; a kind of civil war raged in the Vichy government between those who wanted to collaborate
with the Nazis with those who opposed them.
(A) between those who wanted to collaborate with the Nazis with those who opposed
(B) between those who wanted to collaborate with the Nazis and those who opposed
(C) between those wanting to collaborate with the Nazis with those opposing
(D) among those who wanted to collaborate with the Nazis and those who opposed
(E) among those wanting to collaborate with the Nazis with those opposing
16. Those who come to church with a predisposition to religious belief will be happy in an auditorium or even a
storefront, and there is no doubt that religion is sometimes better served by adapted spaces of this kind
instead of by some of the buildings actually designed for it.
(A) adapted spaces of this kind instead of by some of the buildings actually designed for it
(B) adapted spaces like these rather than some of the buildings actually designed for them
(C) these adapted spaces instead of by some of the buildings actually designed for it
(D) such adapted spaces rather than by some of the buildings actually designed for them
(E) such adapted spaces than by some of the buildings actually designed for it
17. A firm that specializes in the analysis of handwriting claims from a one-page writing sample that it can
assess more than three hundred personality traits, including enthusiasm, imagination, and ambition.
(A) from a one-page writing sample that it can assess.
(B) from a one-page writing sample it has the ability of assessing
(C) the ability, from a one-page writing sample, of assessing
(D) to be able, from a one-page writing sample, to assess
(E) being able to assess, from a one-page writing sample,
l8. The question of whether to divest themselves of stock in companies that do business in South Africa is
particularly troublesome for the nation's 116 private Black colleges because their economic bases are often
more fragile than most predominantly White colleges.
(A) than
(B) than those of
(C) than is so of
(D) compared to
(E) compared to those of
19. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers,
significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of
more than $100 billion a year.
(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business
of
(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business
(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of
(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business
(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business
20. The Parthenon was a church from 1204 until 1456, when Athens was taken by General Mohammed the
Conqueror, the Turkish sultan, who established a mosque in the building and used the Acropolis as a
fortress.
(A) who established a mosque in the building and used the Acropolis as
(B) who, establishing a mosque in the building, used the Acropolis like
(C) who, when he had established a mosque in the building, used the Acropolis like
(D) who had established a mosque in the building, using the Acropolis to be
(E) establishing a mosque in the building and using the Acropolis as
21. The concept of the grand jury dates from the twelfth -century, when Henry II of England ordered panels of
common citizens should prepare lists of who were their communities' suspected criminals.
(A) should prepare lists of who were their communities' suspected criminals
(B) would do the preparation of lists of their communities' suspected criminals
(C) preparing lists of suspected criminals in their communities
(D) the preparing of a list of suspected criminals in their communities
(E) to prepare lists of suspected criminals in their communities
22. Chinese, the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters,
each character miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame.
(A) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(B) all the characters a miniature calligraphic ; composition inside their
(C) all the characters a miniature calligraphic composition inside its
(D) every character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
(E) each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside their
23. In developing new facilities for the incineration of solid wastes, we must avoid the danger of shifting
environmental problems from landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators.
(A) landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators
(B) landfills polluting the water to the air being polluted with incinerators
(C) the pollution of water by landfills to the pollution of air by incinerators
(D) pollution of the water by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air
(E) water that is polluted by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air
24. During Roosevelt's years in office, Black Americans began voting for Democrats rather than Republicans in
national elections, but Black support for Democrats at the state and local levels developed only after when
civil rights legislation was supported by Harry Truman.
(A) developed only after when civil rights legislation was supported by Harry Truman
(B) developed only after when Harry Truman supported civil rights legislation
(C) developed only after Harry Truman's support of civil rights legislation
(D) develops only at the time after the supporting of civil rights legislation by Harry Truman
(E) developed only after there being Harry Truman's support of civil rights legislation
25. The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the
potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants.
(A) and also damage or destroy
(B) as well as damaging or destroying
(C) but they also cause damage or destroy
(D) but also damage or destroy
(E) but also causing damage or destroying
26. More than thirty years ago Dr. Barbara McClintock, the Nobel Prize winner, reported that genes can
"jump," as pearls moving mysteriously from one necklace to another.
(A) as pearls moving mysteriously from one necklace to another
(B) like pearls moving mysteriously from one necklace to another
(C) as pearls do that move mysteriously from one necklace to others
(D) like pearls do that move mysteriously from one necklace to others
(E) as do pearls that move mysteriously from one necklace to some other one
27. In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries
from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances
for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them to the United Nations.
(A) for their employees' paychecks, assigned by them
(B) for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned
(C) for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned
(D) in place of their employees' paychecks, for those of them assigned
(E) in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them
28. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of
irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties
(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation
(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties
(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties
(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties
29. In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell.
and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have
30. In a 5-to-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that two upstate New York counties owed restitution to three
tribes of Oneida Indians for the unlawful seizure of their ancestral lands in the eighteenth century.
(A) that two upstate New York counties owed restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians for the unlawful
seizure of
(B) that two upstate New York counties owed restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians because of their
unlawful seizure of
(C) two upstate New York counties to owe restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians for their unlawful
seizure of
(D) on two upstate New York counties that owed restitution to three tribes of Oneida Indians because they
unlawfully seized
(E) on the restitution that two upstate New York counties owed to three tribes of Oneida Indians for the
unlawful seizure of
31. The Commerce Department announced that the economy grew during the second quarter at a 7.5
percent annual rate, while inflation eased when it might have been expected for it to rise.
(A) it might have been expected for it to rise
(B) it might have been expected to rise
(C) it might have been expected that it should rise
(D) its rise might have been expected
(E) there might have been an expectation it would rise
32. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the
United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about
equivalent to the enrollment of the nation's four-year colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of
(E) as many as are enrolled in
33. In Holland, a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from rising
seas than is spent on military defense in the United States.
(A) In Holland, a larger percentage of the gross national product is spent on defense of their coasts from
rising seas than is spent on military defense in the United States.
(B) In Holland they spend a larger percentage of their gross national product on defending their coasts
from rising seas than the United States does on military defense.
(C) A larger percentage of Holland's gross national product is spent on defending their coasts from rising
seas than the United States spends on military defense.
(D) Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product defending its coasts from rising seas
than the military defense spending of the United States.
(E) Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising
seas than the United States does on military defense.
34. Canadian scientists have calculated that one human being should be struck every nine years by a meteorite,
while each year sixteen buildings can be expected to sustain damage from such objects.
(A) one human being should be struck every nine years by a meteorite
(B) a human being should be struck by a meteorite once in every nine years
(C) a meteorite will strike one human being once in every nine years
(D) every nine years a human being will be struck by a meteorite
(E) every nine years a human being should be struck by a meteorite
35. Intar, the oldest Hispanic theater company in New York, has moved away from the Spanish classics and
now it draws on the works both of contemporary Hispanic authors who live abroad and of those in the
United States.
(A) now it draws on the works both of contemporary Hispanic authors who live abroad and of
(B) now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors, both those who live abroad and those who
live
(C) it draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors now, both those living abroad and who live
(D) draws now on the works both of contemporary Hispanic authors living abroad and who are
(E) draws on the works now of both contemporary Hispanic authors living abroad and those
36. Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on
many developing countries.
(A) it is so debilitating that it has become an economic
(B) it is of such debilitation, it has become an economical
(C) so debilitating is it as to become an economic
(D) such is its debilitation, it becomes an economical
(E) there is so much debilitation that it has become an economical
37. In 1982 the median income for married-couple families with a wage-earning wife was $9,000 more than a
family where the husband only was employed.
(A) a family where the husband only
(B) of a family where only the husband
(C) that for families in which only the husband
(D) a family in which only the husband
(E) those of families in which the husband only
38. Senator Lasker has proposed legislation requiring that employers should retain all older workers indefinitely
or show just cause for dismissal.
(A) that employers should retain all older workers
(B) that all older workers be retained by employers
(C) the retaining by employers of all older workers
(D) employers' retention of all older workers
(E) employers to retain all older workers
39. The extraordinary diary of William Lyon Mackenzie King, prime minister of Canada for over twenty years,
revealed that this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic guided in both public and private life by
omens, messages received at seances, and signs from heaven.
(A) that this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic guided in both public and
(B) that this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic and also guided both in public as well as
(C) this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic and that he was guided in both public and
(D) this most bland and circumspect of men was a mystic and that he was guided in both public as well as
(E) this most bland and circumspect of men to have been a mystic and that he guided himself both in
public as well as
40. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through
the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are
41. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving
hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.
(A) Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
(B) Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment
(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment
(D) Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment
(E) Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
42. In one of the most stunning reversals in the history of marketing, the Coca-Cola company in July 1985
yielded to thousands of irate consumers demanding that it should bring back the original Coke formula.
(A) demanding that it should
(B) demanding it to
(C) and their demand to
(D) who demanded that it
(E) who demanded it to
43. Recently discovered fossil remains strongly suggest that the Australian egg-laying mammals of today are a
branch of the main stem of mammalian evolution rather than developing independently from a common
ancestor of mammals more than 220 million years ago.
(A) rather than developing independently from
(B) rather than a type that developed independently from
(C) rather than a type whose development was independent of
(D) instead of developing independently from
(E) instead of a development that was independent of
44. Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many
states in the 1970's, has not significantly reduced the gaps existing between the richest and poorest
districts.
(A) has not significantly reduced the gaps existing
(B) has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists
(C) has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists
(D) have not significantly reduced the gap that exists
(E) have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing
45. Most state constitutions now mandate that the state budget be balanced each year.
(A) mandate that the state budget be balanced
(B) mandate the state budget to be balanced
(C) mandate that the state budget will be balanced
(D) have a mandate for a balanced state budget
(E) have a mandate to balance the state budget
46. A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage if there is a lack of some other
doctor to testify about proper medical procedures.
(A) if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify
(B) unless there will be another doctor to testify
(C) without another doctor's testimony
(D) should there be no testimony from some other doctor
(E) lacking another doctor to testify
47. Samuel Sewall viewed marriage, as other seventeenth-century colonists, like a property arrangement rather
than an emotional bond based on romantic love.
(A) Samuel Sewall viewed marriage, as other seventeenth-century colonists, like a property arrangement
rather than
(B) As did other seventeenth-century colonists, Samuel Sewall viewed marriage to be a property
arrangement rather than viewing it as
133
(C) Samuel Sewall viewed marriage to be a property arrangement, like other seventeenth-century
colonists, rather than viewing it as
(D) Marriage to Samuel Sewall, like other seventeenth-century colonists, was viewed as a property
arrangement rather than
(E) Samuel Sewall, like other seventeenth-century colonists, viewed marriage as a property arrangement
rather than
48. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency is required either to approve
individual state plans for controlling the discharge of wastes into underground water or that they enforce
their own plan for states without adequate regulations.
(A) that they enforce their
(B) for enforcing their
(C) they should enforce their
(D) it should enforce its
(E) to enforce its
49. Last year, land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost so fast. and in some parts even faster than
what they did outside the pinelands.
(A) so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did
(B) so fast, and in some parts even faster than, those
(C) as fast, and in some parts even faster than, those
(D) as fast as, and in some parts even faster than, those
(E) as fast as, and in some parts even faster than what they did
50. In the mid-1960's a newly installed radar warning system mistook the rising of the moon as a massive
missile attack by the Soviets.
(A) rising of the moon as a massive missile attack by the Soviets
(B) rising of the moon for a massive Soviet missile attack
(C) moon rising to a massive missile attack by the Soviets
(D) moon as it was rising for a massive Soviet missile attack
(E) rise of the moon as a massive Soviet missile attack
51. If Dr. Wade was right, any apparent connection of the eating of highly processed foods and excelling at
sports is purely coincidental.
(A) If Dr. Wade was right, any apparent connection of the eating of
(B) Should Dr. Wade be right, any apparent connection of eating
(C) If Dr. Wade is right, any connection that is apparent between eating of
(D) If Dr. Wade is right, any apparent connection between eating
(E) Should Dr. Wade have been right, any connection apparent between eating
52. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, it was feared that scientists
might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape
from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.
(A) it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it
(B) it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it
(C) kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it
(D) kill vast numbers of humans who have no natural defenses against them
(E) kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them
53. A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that even Theodore
C. Sorensen, the White House counsel, did not know it existed.
(A) A recording system was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office that
(B) So secret was a recording system installation and operation in the Kennedy Oval Office
(C) It was so secret that a recording system was installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office
(D) A recording system that was so secretly installed and operated in the Kennedy Oval Office
(E) Installed and operated so secretly in the Kennedy Oval Office was a recording system that
54. In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and
neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally
considered his property.
(A) setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered
(B) setting free more than the 500 slaves legally considered as
(C) and set free more than 500 slaves, who were legally considered as
(D) and set free more than the 500 slaves who were legally considered
(E) and he set free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered as
55. Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent.
and are suspicious of strangers.
(A) the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are
(B) local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent, and are
(C) that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and
(D) local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are
(E) that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are
56. Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out
that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads
57. A number of linguists contend that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world's five billion
people can be traced back to a common root language.
(A) that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world's five billion people can be traced
(B) that the world's five billion people speak thousands of languages of which all can be traced
(C) the world's five billion people speak thousands of languages which are all traceable
(D) all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world's five billion people to be traceable
(E) the ability to trace all of the thousands of languages that are spoken by the world's five billion people
58. With only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its
nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per
capita than Europeans do.
(A) With
(B) As
(C) Being
(D) Despite having
(E) Although accounting for
59. While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for
home-owners. whose equity--in many cases representing a life's savings--can plunge or even disappear.
(A) they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose
(B) they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their
(C) for homeowners they are potentially devastating, because their
(D) for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their
(E) it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose
60. While some propose to combat widespread illegal copying of computer programs by attempting to change
people's attitudes toward pirating, others by suggesting reducing software prices to decrease the
incentive for pirating, and still others by calling for the prosecution of those who copy software illegally.
(A) by suggesting reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling
(B) by suggesting the reduction of software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others call
(C) suggest the reduction of software prices for decreasing the incentive for pirating, and still others call
(D) suggest the reduction of software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others by calling
(E) suggest reducing software prices to decrease the incentive for pirating, and still others are calling
61. A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota would tail if the
density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than one wolf for every 39 square
miles.
(A) would fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more numerous than
(B) would fail provided the density of the timber wolf population in that region is more than
(C) should fail if the timber wolf density in that region was greater than
(D) will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than
(E) will fail if the timber wolf density in that region were more numerous than
62. Concerned at the increase in accident fatalities,
Tennessee adopted a child-passenger protection law requiring the parents of children under four years of
age to be restrained in a child safety seat.
(A) the parents of children under four years of age to be restrained in a child safety seat
(B) the restraint of parents of children under four years of age in a child safety seat
(C) that parents restrain children under four years of age in a child safety seat
(D) that children be restrained under four years of age in a child safety seat by their parents
(E) children to be restrained under four years of age by their parents in a child safety seat
63. Found throughout Central and South America, sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep
fifteen hours a day. moving infrequently enough that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its
toes.
(A) sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs and sleep fifteen hours a day, moving infrequently
enough
(B) sloths hang from trees by long rubbery limbs, they sleep fifteen hours a day, and with such infrequent
movements
(C) sloths use their long rubbery limbs to hang from trees, sleep fifteen hours a day, and move so
infrequently
(D) the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeping fifteen hours a day and moving so
infrequently
(E) the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeps fifteen hours a day, and it moves
infrequently enough
64. The commission proposed that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early
next year. is obtained through a local bond issue.
(A) that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year, is
(B) that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be
(C) funding for the development of the park, perhaps open to the public early next year, to be
(D) funds for the park's development, perhaps open to the public early next year, be
(E) development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be
65. At Shiprock, New Mexico, a perennially powerful girls' high school basketball team has become a path to
college for some and a source of pride for a community where the household incomes of 49 percent of
them are below the poverty level.
(A) where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are
(B) where they have 49 percent of the household incomes
(C) where 49 percent of the household incomes are
(D) which has 49 percent of the household incomes
(E) in which 49 percent of them have household incomes
66. The prime lending rate is a key rate in the economy: not only are the interest rates on most loans to small
and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on a growing number of consumer loans,
including home equity loans.
(A) not only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime,
but also on
(B) tied to the prime are the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses,
but also on
(C) the interest rates not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime,
but also
(D) not only the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses are tied to the prime,
but also on
(E) the interest rates are tied to the prime, not only on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses,
but also
67. Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes and so were probably without language, a
shortcoming that may explain why they were supplanted by our own species.
(A) Neanderthals had a vocal tract that resembled those of the apes
(B) Neanderthals had a vocal tract resembling an ape's
(C) The vocal tracts of Neanderthals resembled an ape's
(D) The Neanderthal's vocal tracts resembled the apes’
(E) The vocal tracts of the Neanderthals resembled those of the apes
68. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double
the apples that it has in 1910.
(A) double the apples that it has
(B) twice as many apples as it did
(C) as much as twice the apples it has
(D) two times as many apples as there were
(E) a doubling of the apples that it did
69. Seismologists studying the earthquake that struck northern California in October 1989 are still investigating
some of its mysteries: the unexpected power of the seismic waves, the upward thrust that threw one man
straight into the air. and the strange electromagnetic signals detected hours before the temblor.
(A) the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air, and the strange electromagnetic signals
detected hours before the temblor
(B) the upward thrust that threw one man straight into the air, and strange electromagnetic signals were
detected hours before the temblor
(C) the upward thrust threw one man straight into the air, and hours before the temblor strange
electromagnetic signals were detected
(D) one man was thrown straight into the air by the upward thrust, and hours before the temblor strange
electromagnetic signals were detected
(E) one man who was thrown straight into the air by the upward thrust, and strange electromagnetic
signals that were detected hours before the temblor
70. Although early soap operas were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they had moved to the
daytime hours of the 1930's when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety
shows.
(A) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they had moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's
(B) were first aired on evening radio in the 1920's, they were moved to the daytime hours in the 1930's
(C) were aired first on evening radio in the 1920's, moving to the daytime hours in the 1930's
(D) were aired first in the evening on 1920's radio, they moved to the daytime hours of the 1930's
(E) aired on evening radio first in the 1920's, they were moved to the 1930's in the daytime hours
71. In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne
Boleyn.
(A) so as to marry
(B) and so could be married to
(C) to be married to
(D) so that he could marry
(E) in order that he would marry
72. The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclear reactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart; rather a
kind of nuclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to produce power.
(A) apart; rather
(B) apart, but rather
(C) apart, but rather that of
(D) apart, but that of
(E) apart; it is that of
73. Joan of Arc, a young Frenchwoman who claimed to be divinely inspired, turned the tide of English victories
in her country by liberating the city of Orleans and she persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne.
(A) she persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne
(B) persuaded Charles VII of France in claiming his throne
(C) persuading that the throne be claimed by Charles VII of France
(D) persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne
(E) persuading that Charles VII of France should claim the throne
74. A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were published,
reveals that Twain provided financial assistance to one of the first Black students at Yale Law School.
(A) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn were
published,
(B) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,
(C) A letter by Mark Twain, written in the same year that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was
published,
(D) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year as he published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that
(E) Mark Twain wrote a letter in the same year of publication as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that
75. Two new studies indicate that many people become obese more due to the fact that their bodies burn
calories too slowly than overeating.
(A) due to the fact that their bodies burn calories too slowly than overeating
(B) due to their bodies burning calories too slowly than to eating too much
(C) because their bodies bum calories too slowly than that they are overeaters
(D) because their bodies bum calories too slowly than because they eat too much
(E) because of their bodies burning calories too slowly than because of their eating too much
76. As a result of the ground-breaking work of Barbara McClintock, many scientists now believe that all of the
information encoded in 50.000 to 100.000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in
merely three percent of the cell's DNA.
(A) 50,000 to 100,000 of the different genes found in a human cell are contained in merely
(B) 50,000 to 100,000 of the human cell's different genes are contained in a mere
(C) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in human cells are contained in merely
(D) 50,000 to 100,000 of human cells' different genes is contained in merely
(E) the 50,000 to 100,000 different genes found in a human cell is contained in a mere
77. So poorly educated and trained are many young recruits to the United States work force that many business
executives fear this country will lose its economic preeminence.
(A) So poorly educated and trained are many young recruits to the United States work force that
(B) As poorly educated and trained as many young recruits to the United States work force are,
(C) Because of many young recruits to the United States work force who are so poorly educated and
trained,
(D) That many young recruits to the United States work force are so poorly educated and trained is why
(E) Many young recruits to the United States work force who are so poorly educated and trained explains
why
78. In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences. which allow
the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen
dramatically.
(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting
the public, have
(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined,
have
(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined,
have
(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the
public has
(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that
79. During the early years of European settlement on a continent that was viewed as "wilderness" by the
newcomers, Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land. were a help in the rescuing of
many Pilgrims and pioneers from hardship, or even death.
(A) Native Americans, intimately knowing the ecology of the land, were a help in the rescuing of
(B) Native Americans knew the ecology and the land intimately and this enabled them to help in the rescue
of
(C) Native Americans, with their intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land, helped to rescue
(D) having intimate knowledge of the ecology of the land. Native Americans helped the rescue of
(E) knowing intimately the ecology of the land, Native Americans helped to rescue
80. Quasars are so distant that their light has taken billions of years to reach the Earth; consequently, we see
them as they were during the formation of the universe.
(A) we see them as they were during
(B) we see them as they had been during
(C) we see them as if during
(D) they appear to us as they did in
(E) they appear to us as though in
81. Because of the enormous research and
development expenditures required to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid
innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large.
(A) to survive
(B) of firms to survive
(C) for surviving
(D) for survival
(E) for firms' survival
82. Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be hazardous substances, but many of them
can be harmful to health, especially if they are used improperly.
(A) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products to be
(B) Consumers may not think of household cleaning products being
(C) A consumer may not think of their household cleaning products being
(D) A consumer may not think of household cleaning products as
(E) Household cleaning products may not be thought of, by consumers, as
83. Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice, which dates from the eighth century,
was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.
(A) to keep from
(B) to keep it from
(C) to avoid
(D) in order that it would avoid
(E) in order to keep from
84. As measured by the Commerce Department, corporate profits peaked in the fourth quarter of 1988 and
have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher
(A) and have slipped since then, as many companies have been unable to pass on higher costs
(B) and have slipped since then, the reason being because many companies have been unable to pass on
higher costs
(C) and slipped since then, many companies being unable to pass on higher costs
(D) but, many companies unable to pass on higher costs, they have slipped since then
(E) yet are slipping since then, because many companies were unable to pass on higher costs
85. The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic control system, to lead
to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts fears among some officials that safety is being
compromised.
(A) to lead to 55 percent more delays at airports, and prompts
(B) leading to 55 percent more delay at airports and prompting
(C) to lead to a 55 percent increase in delay at airports and prompt
(D) to lead to an increase of 55 percent in delays at airports, and prompted
(E) leading to a 55-percent increase in delays at airports and prompting
86. Judge Bonham denied a motion to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of
to confine them to a hotel.
(A) to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of to confine them to
(B) that would have allowed members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of confined to
(C) under which members of the jury are allowed to go home at the end of each day instead of confining
them in
(D) that would allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than confinement in
(E) to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than be confined to
87. In one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862,
four times as many Americans were killed as would later be killed on the beaches of Normandy during
D-Day.
(A) Americans were killed as
(B) Americans were killed than
(C) Americans were killed than those who
(D) more Americans were killed as there
(E) more Americans were killed as those who
88. As a result of medical advances, many people that might at one time have died as children of such
infections as diphtheria, pneumonia, or rheumatic fever now live well into old age.
(A) that might at one time have died as children
(B) who might once have died in childhood
(C) that as children might once have died
(D) who in childhood might have at one time died
(E) who, when they were children, might at one time have died
89. Proponents of artificial intelligence say they will be able to make computers that can understand English
and other human languages, recognize objects, and reason as an expert does-computers that will be used
to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as
these.
(A) as an expert does--computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether
to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these
(B) as an expert does, which may be used for purposes such as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or
deciding whether to authorize a loan
(C) like an expert--computers that will be used for such purposes as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or
deciding whether to authorize a loan
(D) like an expert, the use of which would be for purposes like the diagnosis of equipment breakdowns or
the decision whether or not a loan should be authorized
(E) like an expert, to be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan or
not, or the like
90. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica. the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the
victory of the Usuli "mujtahids" in Shiite Iran and Iraq.
(A) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
(B) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious reformism were shown in the
rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan,
and also
(C) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
(D) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were shown in the
rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan,
and
(E) In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the
Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in
91. Lawmakers are examining measures that would require banks to disclose all fees and account
requirements in writing, provide free cashing of government checks, and to create basic savings accounts
to carry minimal fees and require minimal initial deposits.
(A) provide free cashing of government checks, and to create basic savings accounts to carry
(B) provide free cashing of government checks, and creating basic savings accounts carrying
(C) to provide free cashing of government checks, and creating basic savings accounts that carry
(D) to provide free cashing of government checks, creating basic savings accounts to carry
(E) to provide free cashing of government checks, and to create basic savings accounts that carry
92. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in
1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish.
and Italian words.
(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added
(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added
93. Unlike the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long. the rains in most
parts of Sri Lanka are concentrated in the monsoon months, June to September, and the skies are
generally clear for the rest of the year.
(A) Unlike the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in
most parts of Sri Lanka
(B) Unlike the United States farmers who can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, the rains in
most parts of Sri Lanka
(C) Unlike those of the United States, where farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long,
most parts of Sri Lanka's rains
(D) In comparison with the United States, whose farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long,
the rains in most parts of Sri Lanka
(E) In the United States, farmers can usually depend on rain or snow all year long, but in most parts of Sri
Lanka the rains
94. Presenters at the seminar, one who is blind, will
demonstrate adaptive equipment that allows visually impaired people to use computers.
(A) one who
(B) one of them who
(C) and one of them who
(D) one of whom
(E) one of which
95. Dr. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion
a seeming unlimited number of antibodies. each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign
substance.
(A) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at
(B) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically to
(C) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, all specifically targeted at
(D) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, all of them targeted specifically to
(E) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at
96. It is possible that Native Americans originally have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of
land that once existed between Siberia and Alaska.
(A) have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed
(B) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that existed once
(C) migrated over a bridge of land to the Western Hemisphere that once existed
(D) migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed
(E) were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land existing once
97. In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women entering college planned to major in education, while 28
percent chose business, making it the most popular major for women as well as for men.
(A) as well as for men
(B) as well as the men
(C) and men too
(D) and men as well
(E) and also men
98. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous
campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign
99. Because the Earth's crust is more solid there and thus better able to transmit shock waves, an earthquake
of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it
does in the West.
(A) of a given magnitude typically devastates an area 100 times greater in the eastern United States than it
does in the West
(B) of a given magnitude will typically devastate 100 times the area if it occurs in the eastern United States
instead of the West
(C) will typically devastate 100 times the area in the eastern United States than one of comparable
magnitude occurring in the West
(D) in the eastern United States will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than will a quake of
comparable magnitude occurring in the West
(E) that occurs in the eastern United States will typically devastate 100 times more area than if it occurred
with comparable magnitude in the West
100. Certain pesticides can become ineffective if used
repeatedly in the same place: one reason is suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations
of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are
free of such chemicals.
(A) Certain pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place; one reason is
suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in
soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals.
(B) If used repeatedly in the same place, one reason that certain pesticides can become ineffective is
suggested by the finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in
soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals.
(C) If used repeatedly in the same place, one reason certain pesticides can become ineffective is
suggested by the finding that much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes are found in
soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than those that are free of such chemicals.
(D) The finding that there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a
relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals is suggestive of one
reason, if used repeatedly in the same place, certain pesticides can become ineffective.
(E) The finding of much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long
history of pesticide use than in those that are free of such chemicals suggests one reason certain
pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place.